As a mother of twin toddlers with very different food tastes, I have come to realise that feeding is probably the hardest part of parenting! Below are a few tips that have helped me as a nutritionist and as a parent. Give it a try and let us know how you get on!
Repeat Exposure and Repetition
Children come to like what is familiar what is present in the environment. A child cannot learn to like something they are not exposed to. Try 3-4 new ingredients repeatedly over four weeks. Food refusal can be de-motivating and frustrating for parents, however, persistence and perseverance are key to acceptance [1,2]. Remember it can take up to 20 attempts for a child to accept a food so don’t give up!
Food accessibility and availability
Children spend a fair amount of time in the home, and fruit and vegetables that are both accessibility and availability in the home has shown to increase correlates a child’s fruit and vegetable intake. For example, have a fruit bowl on the table [2].
The Division of Responsibility
A useful tool for parents and children to understand boundaries. This theory focuses on the understanding that the Parent’s responsibility is to provide the food, what times this food is provided, and where (i.e. table with no distractions). The Child’s responsibility is how much to eat and whether he chooses to eat. Learning to take a step back and let your child take more responsibility for his food intake. Avoid making meal times stressful and do not pressure your child to eat [3].
Don’t show disappointment if the food is not eaten or spat up! Speech language pathologist specializing in child feeding disorders, Melanie Potock, claims the purpose of the food’s presence on a child’s plate is for him to see and smell it, and perhaps even taste it. Not cleaning your plate of food does not mean waste because children are essentially learning about a new food [4].
Serve vegetables and fruit first and in small portions
Once study recently concluded that preschoolers served larger portions of vegetables as a first course ate 47% more of that vegetable at that meal [5]. However, offering small portions of a new food as the first meal is also just as effective – do not overwhelm your child.
Try new foods when your child is hungry – a healthy child does not let himself starve! This also brings me on to limiting processed foods as snacks as they are filling due to the higher calories, but are lower in nutrients – stick to fruit and vegetable snacks such as apples and carrot sticks.
Timing matters
Dr Heather Maguire says that as parents we tend to overlook the fact that our child may just be having a bad day; feeling under the weather, bad day at school, not slept enough the night before…all of this influences how receptive your child is to new foods, and probably best not to try new foods at these times, and offer prepared food for these days [6].
Get your child involved with their own food
Having your child involved with food prep exposes them to more foods, while giving them more control, thereby developing greater acceptance toward different food groups. Let them play and experiment so that they enjoy food!
No Food Rewards!
The use of food as a reward has been shown to positively increase liking for the reward food and decrease liking for the healthier food that you are trying to promote [7,8]. Try fun sticker or stamp rewards instead.
PureVitality Nutrition Services provide nutritional advice and awareness through individual, child, family, and corporate coaching programs, and health talks to empower individuals to develop healthy eating habits that support their goals in all areas of health, family planning and fitness for life. We help individuals and families create a healthy balance between food and life.
Image Source: Pixabay
References:
[1] Wardle J, Cooke LJ, Gibson EL, Sapochnik M, Sheiham A, Lawson M. Increasing children’s acceptance of vegetables; a randomized trial of parent-led exposure. Appetite. 2003 Apr;40(2):155-62).
[2] (Wyse R, Campbell E, Nathan N, Wolfenden L. Associations between characteristics of the home food environment and fruit and vegetable intake in preschool children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:938-.)
[3] http://ellynsatterinstitute.org/dor/divisionofresponsibilityinfeeding.php
[4] Preventing Food jags what’s a parent to do. Available at: http://blog.asha.org/2014/06/12/preventing-food-jags-whats-a-parent-to-do.
[5] Spill MK, Birch LL, Roe LS, Rolls BJ. Eating vegetables first: the use of portion size to increase vegetable intake in preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr.2010 May;91(5):1237-43. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
[6] http://www.drheathermaguire.com.
[8] .Newman, J & Taylor, A 1992, ‘Effect of a means-end contingency on young children’s food preferences’, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 200–16.
[9] Fisher JO1, Birch LL. Restricting access to palatable foods affects children’s behavioral response, food selection, and intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1264-72).